Automobile
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Advanced engine management technology
Speed density and fuel calculations Engine management systems that do not use an airflow sensor rely on the speed–density method…
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Gear wheel positions when different gears are selected
Neutral All main shaft gear wheels are positioned so that they do not touch the layshaft gears, this enables them…
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Major objectives of the GDI engine technical features
Superior Output Mode When the GDI engine is operating with higher loads or at higher speeds, fuel injection takes place…
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Combustion of ultra-lean mixture
n conventional MPI engines, there were limits to the mixture’s leanness due to large changes in combustion characteristics. However, the…
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New developments in engine management
Introduction would need to withstand corrosion and slightly different cold start strategies are needed. Other than this, changes to the…
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The sliding-mesh gearbox Basis of the modern manual gearbox
The sliding-mesh gearbox was popular on cars up to about 1930, but today it is rarely used. Nevertheless, many modern…
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Diagnosing engine management system faults
Introduction As with all systems, the six stages of fault finding should be followed. Verify the fault. Collect further information.…
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Motronic Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Introduction Bosch’s high-pressure injection system for gasoline engines is based on a pressure reservoir and a fuel rail, in which…
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Revolutionizing Urban Commutes: JINPENG’s Three-Wheel Electric Trike
Urban transportation has always been a concern due to the continuous increase in vehicles and traffic congestion. People have started…
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Automobile Lighting fundamental lighting
Introduction Vehicle lighting systems are very important, particularly where road safety is concerned. If headlights were suddenly to fail at…
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